Antibacterial drugs

A white or almost white powder. It shows polymorphism. Slightly soluble in water; freely soluble in dehydrated alcohol, in acetone, and in dichloromethane.

Produced using a method validated to demonstrate the satisfactory enantiomeric purity of the final product. A light yellow or yellow powder or crystals, slightly hygroscopic. Sparingly soluble in water; slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in acetone.

A white to pale yellow crystalline powder. Freely soluble in water. pH of a 10% solution in water is between 4.5 and 8.0. Store in airtight containers. As for Carbenicillin Sodium.

Meticillin sodium has been reported to be incompatible with aminoglycosides and a number of other antimicrobials. It has also been reported to be incompatible with acidic and alkaline drugs. As for Benzylpenicillin. Meticillin is the penicillin most commonly associated with acute interstitial nephritis.

Methenamine is used, usually as the hippurate or mandelate, in the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic or recurrent, uncomplicated, lower urinary-tract infections and asymptomatic bacteriuria. It has been considered suitable for long-term use because acquired resistance does not appear to develop.

Meropenem is a carbapenem beta-lactam antibacterial with actions and uses similar to those of imipenem. It is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than imipenem and need not be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as cilastatin.

Gemifloxacin is reported to have greater activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including pneumococci, than ciprofloxacin.

Latamoxef is an oxacephalosporin antibacterial that has been given intramuscularly or intravenously as the disodium salt in the treatment of susceptible infections. It differs from the cephalosporins in that the sulfur atom of the 7-aminocephalosporanic acid nucleus is replaced by oxygen. Like cefamandole it has an N-methylthiotetrazole side-chain and may cause hypoprothrombinaemia. Serious bleeding episodes have been reported with latamoxef and prophylaxis with vitamin K and monitoring of bleeding time have been recommended during treatment.

Lymecycline is a tetracycline derivative with general properties similar to those of tetracycline. Although its absorption is not significantly affected by moderate amounts of milk, it is still affected by divalent and trivalent cations such as aluminium, bismuth, calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. Lymecycline is given orally and doses are expressed in terms of the equivalent amount of tetracycline base.

Loracarbef is an oral carbacephem antibiotic. The carbacephems are closely related to the cephalosporins, but replacement of the sulfur atom in the 7-aminocephalosporanic acid nucleus by a methylene group is said to enhance stability. It is used similarly to cefaclor in the treatment of susceptible infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts and of skin and soft tissue.