Antibacterial drugs

Ethionamide is active only against mycobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. leprae, and some strains of M. avium complex. Resistance develops rapidly if used alone and there is complete cross-resistance between ethionamide and protionamide. Cross-resistance has been reported in vitro with isoniazid or with thioacetazone.

Pharmacopoeias. In China, Europe, International, Japan, US, and Vietnam. European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed., 2008 and Supplements 6.1 and 6.2 (Ethambutol Hydrochloride).

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibacterial with a wide spectrum of activity, that has been used in the treatment of a wide range of infections caused by susceptible organisms.

Azithromycin (Zithromax). Effects on the ears. Effects on fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis. Effects on the kidneys. Eosinophilia. Overdosage. Interactions. Antimicrobial Action.

Diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and flatulence are among the most common adverse reactions after use of telithromycin. Severe, but usually reversible, hepatic dysfunction, including elevation of liver enzymes and hepatitis, with or without jaundice has been reported; however, there have been cases of fatal hepatotoxicity including fulminant hepatitis, hepatic necrosis, and hepatic failure.

Tetracycline (Sumycin 250mg, 500mg). Tetracycline Hydrochloride. Tetracycline Phosphate Complex.

Doxycycline Calcium. Doxycycline Fosfatex. Synonyms of Doxycycline.

Isoniazid is a hydrazide derivative that is the mainstay of the primary treatment of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. It is used with other antituberculous drugs usually in regimens including rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Isoniazid is also used in high-risk subjects for the prophylaxis of tuberculosis. Isoniazid is given in the initial and continuation phases of short-course tuberculosis regimens.

Imipenem is a carbapenem beta-lactam antibacterial, differing from the penicillins in that the 5-membered ring is unsaturated and contains a carbon rather than a sulfur atom.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic and has a bactericidal action against many Gram-negative aer-obes and against some strains of staphylococci.