Antibiotic Drugs

Advantages of antimicrobial therapy with Zithromax dispersible: indications, side effects, precautions, and drug interactions.

Glycocorticoid hormone (hormone of the adrenal cortex, which influences on the carbohydrate and protein metabolism), with a strong anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory qualities (35 times more active that cortisone).

Amoxicillin, an acid stable, semi-synthetic drug belongs to a class of antibiotics called the Penicillins (beta-lactam antibiotics). It is shown to be effective against a wide range of infections caused by wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in both human and animals.

Another method of combating beta-lactamase-producing organisms has been the development of beta-lactamase inhibitors. Clinical experience with penicillins, especially penicillin G and the aminopenicillins, is extensive. These substances are rarely toxic, even when they are given in an extended range of dosages, making them invaluable for use in pregnant women and children.

High doses of parenteral penicillin can inactivate aminoglycosides. In patients receiving low doses of aminoglycosides because of reduced renal function this can be clinically important.

Embolictoxic reactions to penicillin depot formulations were first described in patients with syphilis. The symptoms include fear of death, confusion, acoustic and visual hallucinations, and possibly palpitation, tachycardia, and cyanosis. Generalized seizures or twitching of the limbs have been observed in children and adults.

Penicillins: Organs and Systems. Respiratory, Nervous system, Gastrointestinal, Urinary tract.

Anaphylactic shock can occur, even after oral administration of penicillin and skin testing. However, anaphylactic shock is less common after oral than parenteral administration. In one study the incidence of anaphylactic shock was 0.04% of all patients treated with penicillin. It is also low in patients receiving long-term benzathine penicillin (1.2 million units every 4 weeks).

Skin reactions are the commonest adverse effects of therapeutically administered penicillins. Penicillin-contaminated milk or meat can cause itching or generalized skin reactions or even anaphylaxis. The overall annual incidence of severe erythema multi-forme (toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome) is about one case per million, antibiotics being involved in 30-40%. The clinical differentiation between these syndromes can be difficult.

Penicillin-induced hepatotoxicity may not be as uncommon as has been thought. There have been three reviews. The first was a comparison of the assessment of drug-induced liver injury obtained by two different methods, the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) scale and the Maria & Victorino (M&V) clinical scale. Three independent experts evaluated 215 cases of hepatotoxicity reported using a structured reporting form.