Antibiotic Drugs

Clarithromycin is a commonly used macrolide antibiotic and is a regular part of regimens for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori, often in combination with a nitromidazole antibiotic as well, in addition to a proton pump inhibitor. Variable rates of adverse events (4-30%) have been reported with clarithromycin.

Cipro (ciprofloxacin) is an antibiotic that belongs to a class of drugs called fluoroquinolones. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections by stopping the growth of bacteria.

The anthracyclines are composed of a tetracyclic ring with adjacent quinone-hydroquinone moieties and a short side chain with a carbonyl group at C-13; an aminosugar is attached by a glycosidic bond to the C-7 of the tetracyclic ring. Doxorubicin (DOX) and daunorubicin (DNR) differ in the side chain terminus (-CH2OH or-CH3, respectively).

Nafcillin shares the uses of other parenteral penicillinase-resistant penicillins (e.g., oxacillin) and generally is used only in the treatment of infections caused by, or suspected of being caused by, susceptible penicillinase-producing staphylococci. For specific information on the uses of nafcillin, see Uses in the Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins General Statement 8:12.16.12. Nafcillin sodium is administered by IM injection or by IV injection or infusion. Although nafcillin also has been administered orally, the drug is poorly absorbed from the GI tract and an oral preparation of the drug is no longer commercially available in the US.

Meropenem is a synthetic carbapenem antibiotic. Unlike imipenem, meropenem has a methyl group at position 1 of the 5-membered ring, which confers stability against hydrolysis by dehydropeptidase 1 (DHP 1) present on the brush border of proximal renal tubular cells and therefore does not require concomitant administration with a DHP-1 inhibitor such as cilastatin.

Carbacephems are b-lactam antibiotics structurally and pharmacologically related to cephalosporins; however, carbacephems contain a methylene group instead of sulfur in the dihydrothiazine ring of the cephalosporin nucleus, resulting in a tetrahydropyridine ring. This structural modification does not affect microbiologic activity, but substantially improves stability in aqueous solution and in serum, plasma, and other body fluids. Loracarbef is the carba analog of cefaclor, a second generation cephalosporin. SumMon® (see Users Guide).

Gentamicin sulfate is administered by IM injection or IV infusion. The drug also has been administered without preservatives intrathecally or intraventricularly to supplement IM or IV administration in the treatment of CNS infections.

Macrolides are a class of drugs that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. They demonstrate excellent activity against atypical organisms (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Legionella species), but have variable activity against typical pathogens (S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae). Macrolides are indicated for use in mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia and are typically used as first- and second-line agents for this indication.

The name of your medicine is Acnamino MR 100mg Capsules (referred to as Acnamino MR throughout this leaflet). The active ingredient in your medicine is minocycline. Minocycline is one of a group of antibiotics called Tetracyclines.

Mafenide has a broad bacteriostatic action and is effective against both gram- negative and gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action is not known, but is different from that of the sulfonamides.