Cefoxitin is used in the treatment of serious infections of the lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and urinary tract; septicemia; gynecologic infections (including endometritis, pelvic cellulitis, and pelvic inflammatory disease); and intra-abdominal infections (including peritonitis and intra-abdominal abscess) caused by susceptible bacteria. Cefoxitin also has been used in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea and is used for perioperative prophylaxis. Prior to and during cefoxitin therapy, the causative organism should be cultured and in vitro susceptibility tests conducted. In serious infections, therapy may be initiated pending results of in vitro tests.
Cefotetan Disodium
Cefotetan should not be used in the treatment of meningitis or other CNS infections. Prior to initiation of cefotetan therapy, appropriate specimens should be obtained for identification of the causative organism and in vitro susceptibility tests. Cefotetan therapy may be started pending results of susceptibility tests, but should be discontinued if the organism is found to be resistant to the drug.
Meropenem (Merrem I.V.)
Meropenem is a synthetic carbapenem antibiotic. Unlike imipenem, meropenem has a methyl group at position 1 of the 5-membered ring, which confers stability against hydrolysis by dehydropeptidase 1 (DHP 1) present on the brush border of proximal renal tubular cells and therefore does not require concomitant administration with a DHP-1 inhibitor such as cilastatin.
Imipenem and Cilastatin
Imipenem and cilastatin sodium is a fixed combination of imipenem monohydrate (a semisynthetic carbapenem b-lactam antibiotic) and cilastatin sodium, 1, 35 which prevents renal metabolism of imipenem by dehydropeptidase I (DHP I).
Ertapenem Sodium
Ertapenem is a synthetic carbapenem b-lactam antibiotic that is structurally and pharmacologically related to imipenem and meropenem. Like meropenem but unlike imipenem, ertapenem has a methyl group at position 1 of the 5-membered ring, which confers stability against hydrolysis by dehydropeptidase 1 (DHP 1) present on the brush border of proximal renal tubular cells, and therefore does not require concomitant administration with a DHP-1 inhibitor such as cilastatin. Ertapenem is almost completely absorbed following IM administration, having a mean bioavailability of 90%.
Loracarbef (Lorabid Capsules 200, 400 mg)
Carbacephems are b-lactam antibiotics structurally and pharmacologically related to cephalosporins; however, carbacephems contain a methylene group instead of sulfur in the dihydrothiazine ring of the cephalosporin nucleus, resulting in a tetrahydropyridine ring. This structural modification does not affect microbiologic activity, but substantially improves stability in aqueous solution and in serum, plasma, and other body fluids. Loracarbef is the carba analog of cefaclor, a second generation cephalosporin. SumMon® (see Users Guide).
Ceftriaxone Sodium
Ceftriaxone is used for the treatment of bone and joint infections, endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis and other CNS infections, otitis media, respiratory tract infections,septicemia, skin and skin structure infections, and urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria.
Ceftizoxime Sodium
Ceftizoxime is used for the treatment of bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, meningitis, lower respiratory tract infections, septicemia, skin and skin structure infections, and urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria. The drug also is used for the treatment of gonorrhea and pelvic inflammatory disease.
Ceftibuten
Ceftibuten is used orally for the treatment of mild to moderate respiratory tract infections (i.e., acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis) caused by susceptible bacteria. The drug also is used orally for the treatment of acute otitis media caused by susceptible bacteria and pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (group A b-hemolytic streptococci). Oral ceftibuten is used for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-susceptible strains only), Haemophilus influenzae (including b-lactamase-producing strains), or Moraxella (formerly Branhamella) catarrhalis (including b-lactamase-producing strains.
Ceftazidime
Like other parenteral third generation cephalosporins (cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftriaxone), ceftazidime is less active than first and second generation cephalosporins against some gram-positive bacteria (e.g., staphylococci) and generally should not be used in the treatment of infections caused by these organisms when a penicillin or first or second generation cephalosporin could be used.